Explaining the Intellectual Capital Model and Competitive Advantage in Startups

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this research is to present a model of intellectual capital and competitive advantage in startups.   Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. The research method is applied, and in the quantitative section, a researcher-designed questionnaire based on the qualitative model was used after confirming its validity and reliability. The sample population included managers, investors, and entrepreneurs, with a sample size of 400 people estimated through stratified sampling.   Findings: The identified pathways in the research were explained in four main categories and their subcategories. The causal factors identified as effective in the intellectual capital and competitive advantage model in startups include: process capital, competence, enhanced bargaining power with competitors in acquiring knowledge and resources, relative power of actors, and the company's strategy. The identified drivers include: human capital index, innovation capital index, customer capital index, and infrastructure capital index. The identified strategic factors include: creating balance and achieving the optimal mix of collaboration and competition in the industry, membership in science and technology parks and incubation centers, the use of lean production processes, and the application of a technology-based competitive strategy. The identified outcomes that affect the intellectual capital and competitive advantage model in startups include: knowledge-based synergy in the structure of startup companies, dynamic and training-oriented re-marketing capability, product enhancement through technological leaps, value creation for customers, and the development and improvement of social, intellectual, and knowledge capital.   Conclusion: The study highlights the critical role of intellectual capital and strategic factors in fostering competitive advantage and sustainable growth for startups, emphasizing the importance of innovation, human capital, and strategic alignment.