Structural Analysis of the Relationships Among Factors Affecting Productivity in Entrepreneurship of Air Travel and Tourism Service Agencies with Emphasis on Integration and Synergy
Keywords:
Air Travel and Tourism Service Agencies, Synergy, Integration, Organizational Entrepreneurship, ProductivityAbstract
Objective: This study aims to examine and model the structural relationships among organizational, environmental, and strategic factors and their effects on productivity in entrepreneurship within air travel and tourism service agencies, emphasizing integration and synergy.
Methodology: This applied quantitative study employed structural equation modeling (SEM). The population included all managers and owners of air travel and tourism service agencies in Tehran Province, totaling approximately 6,000 individuals. A sample of 382 respondents was selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a 21-item researcher-developed questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. Validity and reliability were confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity indices, and Cronbach’s alpha. Data analysis was performed using Smart-PLS, including descriptive statistics and path analysis to test hypotheses.
Findings: Path analysis results indicated that environmental factors (β = 0.471) and organizational factors (β = 0.299) had significant positive effects on strategic and productivity-enhancing factors. Strategic and productivity-enhancing factors significantly influenced the realization of productivity in entrepreneurship (β = 0.683). Achieved productivity also positively impacted internal organizational outcomes (β = 0.667) and external outcomes (β = 0.460).
Conclusion: The study demonstrates that creating synergy and integration among organizational, environmental, and strategic factors plays a critical role in enhancing productivity and entrepreneurial development in air travel and tourism service agencies. Adoption of an integrated and strategic management approach is essential to improve organizational performance.
Downloads
References
Alinsato, A. S., Bassongui, N., & Wondeu, F. N. (2022). Comparative Countries' Tourism Technical Efficiency Assessment: A Stochastic Output Distance Function Approach. Scientific African, 15, 301096.
Barros, C. P., Botti, L., Peypoch, N., Robinot, E., Solonandrasana, B., & Assaf, A. G. (2011). Performance of French Destinations: Tourism Attraction Perspectives. Tourism Management, 32(1), 141-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.01.015
Bogatyreva, I., & Ilyukhina, L. (2022). Influence of Material Interest of Transportation Personnel on the Growth of Labor Productivity. Transportation Research Procedia, 63, 13-20.
Bubber, D., Babber, G., & Jain, R. K. (2023). Toward Increased Business Productivity: Interlinks between Lean Thinking, Process Quality, Inventory Management, and Productivity. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print).
Cornet, Y., Lugano, G., Georgouli, C., & Milakis, D. (2022). Worthwhile Travel Time: A Conceptual Framework of the Perceived Value of Enjoyment, Productivity and Fitness while Travelling. Transport Reviews, 42(5), 580-603.
Goudarzvand Chegini, A. (2020). Application of the Concept of Organizational Management Integration and Participation in Urban Management. International Conference on Quantitative Models and Techniques in Management, Qazvin.
Grant, R. M. (2019). Contemporary Strategy Analysis (10th ed.). Wiley.
Hemmati, H. (2024). The Effect of Modern Technologies on Productivity and Economic Development. Eighth International Conference on Management, Accounting, and Economics in Sustainable Development, Mashhad.
Henderson, A. A., & Smith, C. E. (2022). When Does Presenteeism Harm Productivity the Most? Employee Motives as a Key Moderator of the Presenteeism-Productivity Relationship. Journal of managerial psychology, 37(6), 513-526.
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2017). Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization (12th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Kaffashan Toosi, F., Hasanabadi, D., & Ali Naghizadeh, M. (2020). Analysis of the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Tourism Service Infrastructure for Optimal Management and Increasing the Productivity of the Tourism Industry: A Case Study of Shahroud County. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 10(38), 73-89.
Kuratko, D. F. (2017). Corporate Entrepreneurship: Innovation and Strategy in Large Organizations. Routledge.
Moheb Sibani, A. (2024). The Effect of Business Management and Costing Systems on Organizational Productivity. First International Conference on Information Technology, Management, and Computer, Sari.
Puspitasari, V., & Sutianingsih, S. (2025). The Effectiveness of Competency-Based Performance Management on Employee Productivity with Organizational Commitment as a Mediation Variable in the Banking Industry. Asian Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship and Social Science, 5(01), 605-621.
Rifai, M. H., & Mardijuwono, A. W. (2020). Relationship between Auditor Integrity and Organizational Commitment to Fraud Prevention. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 5(2), 315-325.
Saeed, M. N. (2025). Fostering Sustainable Productive Entrepreneurs by Green Transformational Leadership Efficiency and Adoption of Artificial Intelligence-Tools in Saudi Micro and Small Enterprises. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8041181/v1
Sepidbar, Z., Mohammadzadeh, Y., & Nikpey Pesyan, V. (2024). Analysis of the effect of entrepreneurship index on employment in Iranian provinces: Spatial econometric approach. The Economic Research (Sustainable Growth and Development), 24(1), 285-311. https://doi.org/10.22034/24.1.285
Shbeeb, L. (2022). The Relation between Transit Service Availability and Productivity with Customers Satisfaction. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 16, 100716.
Valipour, A., Hashemi Nekoo, A. R., & Haghighat Monfared, J. (2024). The Impact of Religious Commitment on the Components of Entrepreneurship, Productivity, Flexibility, and Emotional Intelligence among Students of Adib Mazandaran Higher Education Institute. International Journal of Education and Cognitive Sciences, 4(4), 63-70.
Wannakrairoj, W., & Velu, C. (2021). Productivity Growth and Business Model Innovation. Economics Letters, 199, 109679.
World Tourism, O. (2022). Tourism and Productivity: Improving Competitiveness of Destinations.
Yu, M. M., & Nguyen, M. A. T. (2023). Productivity Changes of Asia-Pacific Airlines: A Malmquist Productivity Index Approach for a Two-Stage Dynamic System. Omega, 115, 102774.
Downloads
Published
Submitted
Revised
Accepted
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jalal Farjad, Hossein Vazifehdous, Karim Hamdi (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
