بهره‌گیری از قدرت هوش مصنوعی برای ارتقای مدیریت استراتژیک در بخش بانکی: نقش میانجی انعطاف‌پذیری استراتژیک و نقش تعدیلگر مقاومت در برابر تغییر سازمانی و عدم قطعیت محیطی

حسن فاضل الذبحاوي; نسرین   راضی; محمد  فاریابی; سجاد نقدی

Authors

Hasan FadhilAL-Thabhawee PhD Candidate, Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Translator https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8751-8567
Nasrin Razi Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2144-1174
Mohammad Faryabi Associate Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5424-476X
Sajad Nagdi Associate Professor, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1899-0957

Keywords:

artificial intelligence capabilities, strategic flexibility, strategic management, resistance to organizational change, environmental uncertainty, commercial banks

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of artificial intelligence capabilities on strategic management in commercial banks, with particular emphasis on the mediating role of strategic flexibility and the moderating roles of resistance to organizational change and environmental uncertainty.

Methodology: This quantitative survey study was conducted among managers and relevant administrative personnel of Iraqi state-owned and private commercial banks. A purposive sample of 362 participants was included. Data were collected using measures of artificial intelligence capabilities, strategic flexibility, resistance to organizational change, environmental uncertainty, and strategic management. Content validity was evaluated by experts, while convergent and discriminant validity and construct reliability were also established. The proposed model and hypotheses were tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 4. Bootstrapping with 10,000 subsamples was employed to estimate path coefficients and assess direct, indirect, and moderating effects.

Findings: Artificial intelligence capabilities had a significant positive effect on strategic flexibility (β=0.654, t=15.284, p<0.001), while strategic flexibility significantly and positively affected strategic management (β=0.497, t=9.876, p<0.001). The indirect effect of artificial intelligence capabilities on strategic management through strategic flexibility was significant (β=0.325, t=7.148, p<0.001), confirming the mediating role of strategic flexibility. Resistance to organizational change negatively moderated the relationship between artificial intelligence capabilities and strategic flexibility (β=-0.183, t=4.237, p<0.001). Conversely, environmental uncertainty positively moderated the relationship between strategic flexibility and strategic management (β=0.168, t=3.954, p<0.001).

Conclusion: Artificial intelligence capabilities enhance strategic management primarily when banks possess sufficient strategic flexibility to convert technological resources into adaptive strategic responses. Lower resistance to organizational change facilitates the transformation of AI capabilities into strategic flexibility, whereas greater environmental uncertainty increases the strategic value of such flexibility. Accordingly, simultaneous investment in AI capabilities, organizational adaptability, and change readiness can strengthen strategic planning, implementation, and control in commercial banks.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adepoju, A. S. (2025). Transforming Administrative Functions Through AI: Strategic Planning, Task Automation, and Resource Optimization. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 6(1), 4300-4316. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.6.0125.0622

Al-Thabhawee, H. F. S., Razi, N., & Fariyabi, M. (2026). Artificial Intelligence in Strategic Management: A Quantitative Validation of the Proposed Framework in Iraqi Public Universities. International Journal of Innovation Management and Organizational Behavior (IJIMOB), 6(2), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.ijimob.448

Baek, Y., & Lee, J. (2025). Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Exposure Across Industries in South Korea and the United States. East Asian Economic Review, 29(1), 3-40. https://doi.org/10.11644/KIEP.EAER.2025.29.1.443

Bahramfard, H., Bagheri, G., Kardanayij, A., & Saberi, A. (2025). The Role of Bricolage in Exploiting Opportunities in Sports SMEs. Sport Management Studies, 17(90), 39-62. https://doi.org/10.22089/smrj.2025.15506.3933

Biloslavo, R., Edgar, D., Aydin, E., & Bulut, Ç. (2024). Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Strategic Planning Process within VUCA Environments: A Research Agenda and Guidelines. Management Decision. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-10-2023-1944

Csaszar, F. A., Ketkar, H., & Kim, H. (2024). Artificial Intelligence and Strategic Decision-Making: Evidence from Entrepreneurs and Investors. Strategy Science, 9(4), 322-345. https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2024.0190

Dwivedi, Y. K., Kshetri, N., Hughes, L., Slade, E. L., Jeyaraj, A., Kar, A. K., Baabdullah, A. M., Koohang, A., Raghavan, V., Ahuja, M., Albanna, H., Albashrawi, M. A., Al-Busaidi, A. S., Balakrishnan, J., Barlette, Y., Basu, S., Bose, I., Brooks, L., Buhalis, D., . . . Wright, R. (2023). So What If ChatGPT Wrote It? Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Opportunities, Challenges and Implications of Generative Conversational AI for Research, Practice and Policy. International Journal of Information Management, 71, 102642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642

Kadam, A. A. (2026). AI-Powered Smart Manufacturing: Practical Decision-Intelligence Frameworks for Small and Medium Enterprises. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-21466-9

Karami, M. (2026). AI-Driven HR Analytics for Workforce Resilience and Agility: A Strategic Framework for the Digital Era. Strategic Hr Review, 25(4), 162-166. https://doi.org/10.1108/SHR-11-2025-0119

Kim, S., & Baek, Y. (2025). Strategic Management Theory in the Age of AI: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Strategic Management, 28(3), 57-85. https://doi.org/10.17786/jsm.2025.28.3.003

Liu, G., & Wang, W. (2023). Strategic Orientation for Chinese Firms in the Digital Economy: A Business Model Process Formalization Perspective. Asia Pacific Business Review, 31(5), 1024-1047. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2023.2249428

Malik, A., Lirio, P., Budhwar, P., Nguyen, M., & Fauzi, M. A. (2025). Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the World of Work: Bibliometric Insights and Mapping Opportunities and Challenges. Personnel Review, 54(3), 781-799. https://www.emerald.com/pr/article-abstract/54/3/781/1243734/Guest-editorial-Artificial-intelligence-AI-in-the

Meena, R., Mishra, A. K., & Raut, R. K. (2024). Strategic Insights: Mapping the Terrain of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Banking through Mixed Method Approach. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 55(5), 1192-1222. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-01-2024-0028

Mikalef, P., Lemmer, K., Schaefer, C., Ylinen, M., Fjørtoft, S. O., Torvatn, H. Y., Gupta, M., & Niehaves, B. (2022). Enabling AI Capabilities in Government Agencies: A Study of Determinants for European Municipalities. Government Information Quarterly, 39(4), 101596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101596

Mohammadi, A., Rezaei, S., & Nikzad, H. (2024). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Technologies on Improving Strategic Decision-Making in Knowledge-Based Organizations: The Mediating Role of Organizational Innovation. Journal of Information Technology Management in Iran, 15(4), 245-270.

Nazari Zadeh, F., Farsijani, E., & Khazaei, H. (2023). The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Organizational Strategic Management. Vital Sciences and Emerging Technologies, 1(1), 119-156. https://journals.kmanpub.com/index.php/ijimob/article/view/4971

Neiroukh, S., Emeagwali, O. L., & Aljuhmani, H. Y. (2025). Artificial Intelligence Capability and Organizational Performance: Unraveling the Mediating Mechanisms of Decision-Making Processes. Management Decision, 63(10), 3501-3532. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-10-2023-1946

Nguyen, D. K., Broekhuizen, T., Dong, J. Q., & Verhoef, P. C. (2023). Leveraging Synergy to Drive Digital Transformation: A Systems-Theoretic Perspective. Information & Management, 60(7), 103836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2023.103836

Oecd. (2024). OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2024 (Volume 1): Embracing the Technology Frontier. https://doi.org/10.1787/a1689dc5-en

Pitelis, C. N., Teece, D. J., & Yang, H. (2024). Dynamic Capabilities and MNE Global Strategy: A Systematic Literature Review-Based Novel Conceptual Framework. Journal of Management Studies, 61(7), 3295-3326. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.13021

Raisch, S., & Krakowski, S. (2021). Artificial Intelligence and Management: The Automation-Augmentation Paradox. Academy of Management Review, 46(1), 192-210. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2018.0072

Rezaei, M., Ghasemi, N., & Mansouri, A. (2024). Investigating the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Strategic Flexibility of Knowledge-Based Companies in VUCA Conditions. Quarterly Journal of Modern Management Research, 9(3), 55-75.

Sadiku-Dushi, N. (2026). Artificial Intelligence in Strategic Management: Shaping the Future of Business Leadership. In (pp. 45-63). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-02526-5_3

Salgado Reyes, N. (2023). Uso de la Inteligencia Artificial en la Personalización de la Experiencia del Usuario en Plataformas Digitales. Polo del Conocimiento, 8(6), 1205-1221. https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v8i6.5738

Srinivas, R., & Chetan, S. S. (2026a). Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Strategic Decision-Making: Contexts for Delegation and Augmentation. Group Decision and Negotiation. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10726-026-10016-x

Srinivas, R., & Chetan, S. S. (2026b). Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Strategic Decision-Making: Contexts for Delegation and Augmentation. Group Decision and Negotiation, 35, Article 59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10726-026-10016-x

Thuraka, B., Pasupuleti, V., Malisetty, S., & Ogirri, K. O. (2024). Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Strategic Management for Success in Inter/National Projects in US and Beyond. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 26(8), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i81228

Tian, H., Huang, H., Guan, W., & Zhu, D. (2026). Artificial Intelligence and New Quality Productive Forces. International Journal of Finance & Economics. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.70152

Tuge, N. B., & Msweli, N. T. (2026). Explainable Artificial Intelligence in the Banking Sector: A Systematic Literature Review. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 40(1), 2676353. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2026.2676353

Verhoef, P. C., Broekhuizen, T., Bart, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Dong, J. Q., Fabian, N., & Haenlein, M. (2021). Digital Transformation: A Multidisciplinary Reflection and Research Agenda. Journal of Business Research, 122, 889-901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.022