عوامل مؤثر بر کارایی سرمایهگذاری شرکت و اندازهگیری آن
کلمات کلیدی:
سرمايه گذاري, کارایی, مدیر, شرکت, سرمايه اجتماعيچکیده
هدف: هدف پژوهش بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر کارایی سرمایهگذاری شرکتها و معرفی و تحلیل معیارهای اندازهگیری آن است. روششناسی: این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی–تحلیلی است و بر اساس دادههای ثانویه شرکتهای پذیرفتهشده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران انجام شد. برای انتخاب نمونه از روش حذف سیستماتیک استفاده گردید و دادهها از صورتهای مالی حسابرسیشده، گزارشهای سالانه و پایگاههای رسمی استخراج شد. برای سنجش کارایی سرمایهگذاری، مدلهای شناختهشده از جمله الگوی ریچاردسون (2006)، بیدل و همکاران (2009)، چن و همکاران (2011)، و Q توبین بهکار گرفته شدند. تحلیل دادهها با استفاده از رگرسیون دادههای تابلویی و آزمونهای آماری تشخیصی انجام شد. یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد کیفیت گزارشگری مالی، حاکمیت شرکتی، سطح افشا و کیفیت حسابرسی اثر مثبت و معناداری بر کارایی سرمایهگذاری دارند. در مقابل، مدیریت سود و اعتمادبهنفس افراطی مدیران رابطه منفی با کارایی سرمایهگذاری نشان دادند. همچنین، ساختار سرمایه متعادل و استفاده بهینه از جریانهای نقدی آزاد به بهبود کارایی کمک میکند، در حالیکه مازاد منابع بدون نظارت کافی منجر به بیشسرمایهگذاری میشود. عوامل کلان همچون سیاستهای مالی سبز و پذیرش IFRS نیز بهطور غیرمستقیم بر کارایی سرمایهگذاری تأثیر مثبت داشتند. نتیجهگیری: کارایی سرمایهگذاری پدیدهای چندبعدی است که تحت تأثیر همزمان عوامل مالی، نهادی، رفتاری و سیاستی قرار دارد. تقویت حاکمیت شرکتی، ارتقای کیفیت گزارشگری مالی، و بهرهگیری از فناوریهای نوین همچون هوش مصنوعی میتواند منجر به کاهش ناکارآمدی سرمایهگذاری و بهبود تخصیص منابع گردد.
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حق نشر 2025 Seyyed Hamidreza Mohtashmian, Hassan Ghodrati, Maryam Arabzadeh, Hossein Jabbari (Author)

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