Design and Validation of a Digital Well-Being Model in Iran

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to design and validate a conceptual model of digital well-being tailored to the Iranian socio-cultural and technological context. Methodology: The study employed an exploratory mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine experts in communication, health, and psychology, and analyzed using Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory methodology. In the quantitative phase, the proposed model’s validity and comprehensiveness were assessed using a one-sample t-test based on responses from 30 subject matter experts. Findings: Results revealed a five-dimensional framework encompassing causal conditions, contextual factors, intervening conditions, strategies, and outcomes. All eight validity indicators and four comprehensiveness indicators were statistically significant (p<0.01), with all mean scores exceeding the threshold of 3. The highest expert consensus was observed for the impact of intervening factors and model responsiveness to societal challenges. Conclusion: The final digital well-being model is theoretically robust, empirically validated, and culturally relevant to the Iranian context. It offers a practical framework for policymakers, educators, and digital platform designers to enhance digital literacy, mental health, and civic engagement in digital environments.